Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Age distribution of surgical patients who underwent endoscopic transforaminal foraminoplasty and discectomy.
- Figure 2
Plot of length of follow-up against age showing follow-up in most of the older patients with intraoperatively visualized vacuum disc to be much longer than 24 months.
- Figure 3
Intraoperative fluoroscopic and associated endoscopic images taken during transforaminal microdiscectomy and foraminoplasty with initial intradiscal probing of the surgical intervertebral disc after foraminoplasty using the “inside-out” technique to test for the presence of a vacuum disc. Vacuum disc with the pituitary rongeur advanced to the opposite annulus at the L4/L5 and L5/S1 level: (a) endoscopic view showing cavitation, (b) endoscopic view showing fissuring, (c) endoscopic view showing cavitation and delamination, (d) endoscopic view showing fissuring and delamination, and (e) large piece of degenerated disc delaminated of the S1 end plate.
- Figure 4
Top: Age distribution of patients with (right) and without (left) a vacuum phenomenon noted on preoperative x-ray (X-Ray Positive). Bottom: Age distribution of patients with (right) and without (left) intraoperatively visualized vacuum disc.
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