Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Flow chart of included studies.
- Figure 2
Meta-analysis of the vitamin D deficiency effect on (A) visual analog scale and (B) Oswestry Disability Index. Weights are from random effects analysis. WMD, weighted mean difference.
- Figure 3
Funnel plot to assess publication bias on (A) visual analog scale and (B) Oswestry Disability Index. se(WMD), standard error (weighted mean difference); WMD, weighted mean difference.
Tables
Study Location Study Design Level of Evidence Participants(n) Gender(F/M) Procedure Type Duration of Study (mo) Outcome Kim et al, 201210 Korea Prospective cohort 2 31 31/0 Lumbar fusion (lumbar spinal stenosis) 12 VAS, ODI Stoker et al, 20135 US Cross-sectional 4 313 176/137 Lumbar, thoracic, and cervical fusion (spondylosis and deformity) 15 ODI Ravindra et al, 20152 US Cross-sectional 4 230 129/101 Lumbar, thoracic, and cervical fusion (pathology unknown) 12 ODI Martins et al, 201711 Brazil Prospective observational 2 46 29/17 Cervical and lumbar fusion (degenerative pathology, deformity, tumor, infection, and trauma) 12 VAS Ravindra et al, 201912 US Prospective observational 2 58 24/34 Cervical fusion (cervical spondylotic myelopathy) 12 VAS, ODI Donnally et al, 201913 US Retrospective 3 150 73/77 Lumbar and thoracic fusion (degenerative pathology, deformity, spondylosis, and lumbar spinal stenosis) 20 VAS Xu et al, 202014 China Retrospective 3 360 212/148 Lumbar fusion (degenerative pathology, lumbar spinal stenosis, and spondylolisthesis) 24 VAS, ODI ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; VAS, visual analog scale.
A. Selection B. Comparability of Cohorts C. Outcome Study Representiveness/Effectiveness of Exposed Cohort Selection of Nonexposed Ascertainment of Exposure Outcome Not Present at Start Adjustment for Confounding/Bias?Adjustment ≥3 = YesAdjustment ≤3 = No Assessment of Outcome Length of Follow-Up Appropriate? Adequate of Follow-Up of Cohort? Kim et al, 201210 YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Stoker et al, 20135 YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Ravindra et al, 20152 YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Martins et al, 201711 YES YES YES YES NO YES YES YES Ravindra et al, 201912 YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Donnally et al, 201913 YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Xu et al, 202014 YES YES YES YES NO YES YES YES
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