The Effects of Blood Glucose Control in the Operative Spine Patient: A Systematic Review

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Flow diagram for search strategy and selection criteria.

Table 1

MINORS criteria scores by study.

Criteria	Guzman et al23	Peng et al19	Tanishima et al18	Hwang et al24	Worley et al25	Langlois et al26	Khan et al20	Moazzeni et al22	Machino et al21
A clearly stated aim	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Inclusion of consecutive patients	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Prospective collection of data	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Endpoints appropriate to the aim of the study	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Unbiased assessment of the study endpoint	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Follow-up period appropriate to the aim of the study	0	0	2	2	0	2	2	2	2
Loss to follow-up less than 5%	2	2	1	2	2	2	2	2	2
Prospective calculation of the study size	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
An adequate control group	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	2	2
Contemporary groups	0	0	2	0	0	0	1	2	2
Baseline equivalence of groups	0	0	2	0	0	0	1	2	2
Adequate statistical analyses	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Total score	14	16	20	16	14	16	19	22	22

Abbreviation: MINORS, methodological items for nonrandomized studies.
Note: MINORS Score Criteria: scored 0 (not reported), 1 (reported but inadequate), or 2 (reported and adequate).23

Table 2

Demographics and characteristics of the studies.

Author	Journal	Year	Country	Level of Evidence	Subjects	Mean Age, y	Type of Procedure	No. of Procedures	% Women	Follow-Up
Guzman et al²³	Spine	2014	USA	III: Retrospective database analysis	423,050	61.8	Lumbar spine surgery	2,568,994	51.8%	NR
Peng et al¹⁹	Medicine	2019	China	III: Retrospective single-center analysis	523	NR^{^a}	Lumbar spine surgery	523	43.6%	NR
Tanishima et al¹⁸	Asian Spine Journal	2019	Japan	II: Multicenter prospective study	61	69.5	Cervical spine surgery	61	43%	12 mo
Hwang et al²⁴	Korean Journal of Neurotrauma	2019	Korea	III: Retrospective review	92	68.4	Lumbar spine surgery	92	58.7%	23.4 mo
Worley et al²⁵	International Journal of Spine Surgery	2017	USA	III: Retrospective review	5904	61	Cervical spine surgery	5904	42.6%	NR
Langlois et al²⁶	European Spine Journal	2014	France	II: Prospective cohort study	75	56.1	Cervical, lumbar, and thoracic spine surgery	75	62.7%	3 mo
Khan et al²⁰	Global Spine Journal	2019	USA	III: Retrospective cohort study	850	58.4	Lumbar spine surgery	850	53.3%	22.99 mo
Moazzeni et al²²	International Journal of Spine Surgery	2018	Iran	II: Prospective study	96	57.8	Lumbar spine surgery	96	65.2%	12 mo
Machino et al²¹	Spine	2017	Japan	II: Prospective cohort study	505	66.6	Cervical spine surgery	505	39.2%	12 mo

Table 3

Complications per study.

Abbreviations: JOAMRQ, Japanese Orthopedic Association Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire; ND, no difference; NR, not reported; PI-LL, pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis difference.