Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Diagram of trajectories for minimally invasive sacroiliac joint fusion.
- Figure 2
Baseline and last follow-up sacroiliac (SI) joint pain scores by procedure, study, and device. Baseline scores are shown in green, and last follow-up scores are shown in blue. Sarkar reported (a) lateral transiliac and (b) posterolateral transiliac cohorts. Wider lines represent random effects meta-analytic means and 95% CIs. Sarkar reported (a) lateral transiliac and (b) posterolateral transiliac cohorts. Sayed 2021b refers to reference 87. *Cohort contained mostly TTI (n = 36) with some screws (n = 9). TTI, triangular titanium implants; CTI, cylindrical titanium implants.
- Figure 3
Baseline and last follow-up Oswestry Disability Index scores by procedure, study, and device. Baseline scores are shown in green; last follow-up scores are shown in blue. Wider lines represent random effects meta-analytic means and 95% CIs. Ledonio 2014a refers to reference 64 and Ledonio 2014b refers to reference 65. *Cohort contained mostly TTI (n = 36) with some screws (n = 9). TTI, triangular titanium implants; CTI, cylindrical titanium implants.
- Figure 4
Improvement in sacroiliac (SI) joint pain score by procedure and device. Sarkar reported (a) lateral transiliac and (b) posterolateral transiliac cohorts. Sayed 2021 refers to reference 86 and Sayed 2021b refers to 87. *Cohort contained mostly TTI (n = 36) with some screws (n = 9). CTI, cylindrical titanium implants; TTI, triangular titanium implants.
- Figure 5
Improvement in Oswestry Disability Index score by procedure and device. Ledonio 2014a refers to reference 64 and Ledonio 2014b refers to reference 65. CTI, cylindrical titanium implants; TTI, triangular titanium implants.
Tables
Characteristic Variable Type Choices/Comment Study design Binary Prospective vs retrospective Procedure type Nominal Transiliac (either lateral or posterolateral) or posterior interpositional Device/allograft used Nominal Name of device Number of patients treated Integer Number of patients with follow-up scores Integer Baseline and last follow-up pain score (visual analog scale or numeric pain rating scale) Continuous Converted to 0- to 10-point scale Baseline and last ODI Continuous For both pain score and ODI, when multiple scheduled follow-up visits were available, the last available reported mean score was extracted. Safety outcomes: Symptomatic implant malposition—typically resulting in new onset acute radicular pain—requiring surgical intervention.
Symptomatic implant malposition causing bowel/bladder perforation.
Implant breakage.
Implant migration.
Late removal—typically for ongoing or recurrent pain.
Dislodgement of bone fragment into foramen during placement.
Fracture (sacral or ilial) during placement.
Wound infection requiring notable treatment such as wound exploration or implant removal.
Bleeding requiring surgical intervention.
Integer Fracture defined as involving both cortices of the ilium or sacrum and displacement of a significant fragment of bone. Abbreviation: ODI, Oswestry Disability Index.
Procedure Device Cohorts Patients Studies reporting SI Joint Pain Scores LTI HMA screw 3 79 iFuse 31 1605 Sacrofuse 1 3 SI-LOK 3 136 SImmetry 4 288 Torpedo 1 15 Total 43 2126 PLTI Rialto 3 122 Sacrix 1 19 SI-LOK 1 36 Total 6 228 PI DIANA 2 190 LINQ 4 237 Threaded cage 1 13 Total 8 497 Total 57 2851 Studies reporting ODI LTI HMA screw 1 9 iFuse 23 1161 Sacrofuse 1 3 SI-LOK 2 72 SImmetry screw 3 269 Torpedo 1 15 Simmetry, Corelink, or LnK 1 55 Total 32 1584 PLTI Rialto 2 135 PI DIANA threaded cage 2 190 LINQ 1 69 Total 3 259 Total 37 1978 Abbreviations: HMA, hollow modular anchor; LTI, lateral transiliac; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; PI, posterior interpositional; PLTI, posterolateral transiliac.
Studies Reporting Pain Scores Studies Reporting Oswestry Disability Index Procedure N/Total % N/Total % LTI 9/43 21% 8/32 25% PLTI 0/6 0% 0/2 0% PI 3/8 38% 2/3 67% Total 12/57 21% 10/37 27% Abbreviations: LTI, lateral transiliac; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; PI, posterior interpositional; PLTI, posterolateral transiliac.
Procedure Device Design Author, Year N Mean Follow-Up, mo Acute Symptomatic Malposition Breakage Migration Bowel/Bladder Perforation Late Removal Dislodgment of Bone Fragment Into Foramen Fracture Wound Infection Bleeding Requiring Surgical Intervention Lateral transiliac HMA screw Retro Al-Khayer, 200819 9 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 HMA screw Prosp Mason, 201320 55 36 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 HMA screw Retro Khurana, 200921 15 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 iFuse Retro Bornemann, 201722 24 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 iFuse Retro Cummings, 201323 18 12 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 iFuse Prosp Dengler, 201914 52 24 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 iFuse Prosp Duhon, 201615 172 24 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 iFuse Retro Novak, 202124 21 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 iFuse Prosp Patel, 202025 51 12 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 iFuse Prosp Polly, 201613 102 24 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 iFuse Retro Rudolf, 201426 17 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 iFuse Prosp Whang, 201927 103 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 iFuse Retro Amer, 202228 20 20 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 iFuse Retro Beijk, 202129 16 36 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 iFuse Retro Claus, 202030 , a 82 12 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 iFuse Retro Cleveland, 201931 57 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 iFuse Retro Gaetani, 201332 12 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 iFuse Retro Graham-Smith, 201333 113 24 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 iFuse Retro Hermans, 202234 29 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 iFuse Retro Kasapovic, 202135 26 48 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 iFuse Retro Kurosawa, 202236 5 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 iFuse Retro Ledonio, 201437 17 12 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 iFuse Retro Ledonio, 201438 22 14 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 iFuse Retro Rainov, 201839 160 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 iFuse Retro Rudolf, 201240 50 24 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 iFuse Retro Sachs, 201241 11 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 iFuse Retro Sachs, 201342 40 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 iFuse Retro Sachs, 201443 144 16 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 iFuse Retro Sachs, 201644 107 44 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 iFuse Retro Schmidt, 202045 19 58 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 iFuse Retro Schroeder, 201346 6 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 iFuse Retro Soliman, 202247 33 44 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 iFuse Retro Vanaclocha, 201748 27 41 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 iFuse Retro Wessel, 202249 45 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 iFuse Retro Kancherla, 201750 36 7 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Samba Retro Kancherla, 201750 9 7 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SI-LOK Prosp Rappoport, 2017/202151,52 32 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SI-LOK Retro Wales, 202053 40 12 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 SImmetry Prosp Araghi, 201754 50 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SImmetry Retro Cross, 201855 19 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SImmetry Prosp Kucharzyk, 202256 201 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SImmetry Retro Kube, 201657 18 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Torpedo Retro Kasapovic, 202258 15 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Simmetry, Corelink, and Lnk Retro Abbasi, 202159 62 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Posterolateral transiliac Rialto Retro Claus, 202030 74 12 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 Rialto Retro Rajpal, 201860 24 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rialto Retro Sarkar, 202261 24 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sacrofuse Retro Chin, 202162 3 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SI-LOK Retro Chaves, 202263 36 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SI-LOK Retro Sarkar, 202261 19 13 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Posterior interpositional DIANA Retro Endres, 201364 19 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DIANA Prosp Fuchs, 201865 171 24 4 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 LINQ Prosp Calodney, 202266 69 6 0 NR NR 0 0 0 0 0 0 LINQ Retro Deer, 202167 111 3 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR LINQ Retro Sayed, 202168 50 12 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 LINQ Retro Sayed, 202269 7 10 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Threaded cage Prosp Wise, 200870 13 30 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Abbreviations: HMA, hollow modular anchor; NR, not reported; Prosp, prospective study; Retro, retrospective study.
↵a Lateral cohort.
Procedure Device Cohorts Patients Posterior interpositional DIANA 2 190 LINQ 4 237 PSiF 1 57 Threaded cage 1 13 Total 8 497 Lateral transiliac Hollow modular anchor screw 3 79 iFuse 32 1637 Samba 1 9 SI-LOK 3 157 SImmetry 4 288 Torpedo 1 15 Various 2 101 Simmetry, Corelink, and Lnk 1 62 Total 47 2348 Posterolateral transiliac Rialto 4 240 Sacrix 1 19 Sacrofuse 1 3 SI-LOK 2 55 Total 8 317 All Total 63 3162 Outcome Lateral Transiliac Posterolateral Transiliac Posterior Interpositional PE LCL UCL PE LCL UCL PE LCL UCL Acute symptomatic malposition 0.429 0.156 0.836 0.000 0.000 0.303 0.2 0.000 1.42 Breakage 0.000 0.000 0.041 0.000 0.000 0.303 0.000 0.000 0.253 Migration 0.000 0.000 0.041 0.000 0.000 0.303 0.035 0.000 0.476 Bowel perforation 0.000 0.000 0.043 0.000 0.000 0.303 0.00 0.000 0.253 Removal for pain 0.059 0.002 0.199 1.11 0.000 3.83 0.48 0.000 1.72 Dislodgment of bone 0.001 0.000 0.054 0.000 0.000 0.303 0.000 0.000 0.253 Fracture 0.002 0.000 0.063 0.000 0.000 0.303 0.000 0.000 0.253 Wound infection 0.145 0.015 0.408 0.000 0.000 0.303 0.000 0.000 0.253 Bleeding requiring surgery 0.039 0.000 0.163 0.000 0.000 0.303 0.000 0.000 0.253 Abbreviations: LCL, lower 95% confidence limit; PE, point estimate; UCL, upper 95% confidence limit.
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