Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Diagrams and a photograph for the left-sided approach. (A) Utilization of 2 incisions over the pedicle for biportal endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (BE-TLIF). (B) Utilization of 2 laterally based incisions (P + 2) for BE-TLIF. (C) Portals used for multiportal technique. The 2 lateral-based portals (P + 2) are used for ipsilateral facetectomy, and the 2 medially based portals (M) are used for central decompression and contralateral facetectomy. (D) An example of surgical incision for multiportal technique for one level BE-TLIF. Abbreviations: P, pedicle; M, medial; L, left; R, right. P + 2 refers to incisions are made 2 cm lateral to the lateral margin of the pedicle.
- Figure 2
Intraoperative visualization of the disc space is demonstrated. (A) Disc space preparation with a curette with direct visualization. (B) Intraoperative endoscopic picture taken with a 30° scope while assessing the adequacy of contralateral disc space preparation, which is shown at the top of the photo. (C) Image taken with a 30° scope while assessing the disc space preparation on the ipsilateral side, which is toward the bottom of the photo. Both images B and C show adequate endplate preparation without residual disc or cartilage while avoiding endplate damage.
- Figure 3
(A) Insertion of the cage through a P + 2 portal. (B) Use of a tamp through an M portal to turn the cage horizontally. Note the position of the cage abutting the apophyseal ring bilaterally. (C) The cage used that is shown in the fluoroscopy images. (D) Intraoperative fluoroscopy image during cage insertion prior to turning the cage. (E) The cage being turned horizontally using a tamp through an M portal. (F) Anteroposterior fluoroscopy image of the cage after insertion.
- Figure 4
(A) Osteotomes with varying angles used for facetectomy. (B) Intraoperative endoscopic view during facetectomy using an osteotome.
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