The fundamentals of biotribology and its application to spine arthroplasty

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Fig. 1
ISO 18192-1¹⁰ motion and load curves for the cervical spine.
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Fig. 2
ISO 18192-1¹⁰ motion and load curves for the lumbar spine.

Table 1

Range of motion comparison between the two wear standards

Table 2

Test media recipes as defined by ASTM and ISO standards

	Serum	Sodium azide (%) (anti-microbial)	EDTA (mM)	Temperature (°C)	pH
ASTM 1714 Hip⁴⁸	Filtered bovine Blood serum	0.2^*	20	37±3
ASTM 1715 Knee⁴⁹	Filtered bovine Blood serum	0.2 to 0.3^*	20	21 to 39 (±3)
ASTM F2423-05 Disc¹¹	Bovine serum, 20 g/L	0.2^*	20	37±3
ISO 14242 Hip⁵⁰	Filtered (2 µm) Calf serum, not less than 17 g/L	May be added^*		37±2	Monitor
ISO 14243 Knee⁵¹	Filtered (2 µm) Calf serum, not less than 17 g/L	May be added^*		37±2	Monitor
ISO 18192-1 Disc¹⁰	Filtered (2 µm) Calf serum, 30±2 g/L	May be added^*	20	37±2	Monitor