Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Spinal canal cross-sectional area was measured by drawing the line surrounding spinal canal using digital synapse picture archiving and communication system.
- Figure 2
Patient-reported outcome in (A) visual analog scale (VAS) back, (B) VAS legs, and (C) Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).
Tables
Patient Demographics Surgical Microscope(n = 62) Surgical Loupes(n = 38) P Value Age, y, mean ± SD 63.7 ± 9.8 66.3 ± 9.2 0.23 Body mass index, mean ± SD 25.0 ± 3.7 25.1 ± 3.9 0.98 Diabetes, n (%) 12 (19.4) 8 (21.1) 0.38 Hypertension, n (%) 36 (58.1) 18 (47.4) 0.64 Dyslipidemia, n (%) 27 (43.6) 12 (31.6) 0.9 Smoker, n (%) 6 (9.7) 1 (2.6) 0.23 Operated level, n (%) L2-L3 1 (1.6) 0 (0) 0.32 L3-L4 7 (11.3) 5 (13.2) 0.55 L4-L5 43 (69.4) 28 (73.6) 0.02 L5-S1 11 (17.7) 5 (13.2) 0.12 Diagnosis, n (%) Spondylolisthesis 23 (36.9) 19 (48.4) 0.3 Spinal canal stenosis 21 (33.8) 12 (32.3) 0.88 Herniated nucleus pulposus 17 (27.7) 7 (19.4) 0.59 Degenerative disc disease 1 (1.5) 0 0.64 Timepoint VAS Back VAS Legs Surgical Microscope Surgical Loupes P Value Surgical Microscope Surgical Loupes P Value Baseline 6.8 ± 3.2 6.0 ± 4.2 0.44 5.9 ± 3.5 7.4 ± 3 0.052 1 d 2 ± 1.6 1.8 ± 1.8 0.725 1.1 ± 2.4 2.25 ± 2 0.381 1 mo 1.5 ± 2.4 1.2 ± 2.3 0.538 0.8 ± 1.5 1.6 ± 2.5 0.192 3 mo 1.4 ± 2.3 0.9 ± 2.3 0.478 1 ± 2.4 1.6 ± 2.5 0.453 6 mo 1.5 ± 2.7 1.3 ± 2.4 0.719 1.2 ± 2.6 1.8 ± 2.6 0.489 12 mo 0.9 ± 1.9 1.2 ± 2.3 0.702 0.6 ± 1.7 0.9 ± 1.7 0.615 Abbreviations: VAS, visual analog scale.
Data provided as mean ± SD.
ODI Timepoint Surgical Microscope Surgical Loupes P Value Baseline 46.5 ± 15.6 50.7 ± 16.4 0.297 1 mo 11 ± 12.9 12.4 ± 14.5 0.734 3 mo 13 ± 19.9 9.6 ± 13.2 0.437 6 mo 10.5 ± 18.7 12.7 ± 16.6 0.675 12 mo 5.5 ± 13.5 10.7 ± 16 0.249 Abbreviations: ODI, Oswestry Disability Index.
Data provided as mean ± SD.
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