ABSTRACT
Over the past decade, several review articles have evaluated the techniques and outcomes of robotics vs traditional methods in spine surgery. Recently, robot-assisted pedicle screw placement has emerged, representing an important milestone in the evolution of spine surgery. In the present article, the authors aim to provide the historical context regarding the use and growth of spinal robotics through the lens of the Industrial Revolution and the personal computer revolution. While the former provides insight into the current implications of robotics in spine surgery, the latter predicts future steps in this arena.
Footnotes
Disclosures and COI: Dr Qureshi receives royalties from and provides consulting services for Globus Medical, Inc, and Stryker K2M, has private investments in Tissue Differentiation Intelligence, has speaking and/or teaching arrangements with AMOpportunities (Honoraria), Globus Medical, Inc (Speakers' Bureau), and RTI Surgical Inc, and served on the Scientific Advisory Board for Healthgrades (past relationship), Lifelink.com Inc, and Spinal Simplicity, LLC. Other disclosures include Simplify Medical, Inc (clinical events committee member); Globus Medical, Inc, Integrity Implants Inc, Medical Device Business Services, Medtronic USA, Inc, Nuvasive, Inc, Paradigm Spine, and Stryker K2M (trips/travel); the Society of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (Board of Directors); the Annals of Translational Medicine, Contemporary Spine Surgery (Editorial Board Member); the Association of Bone And Joint Surgeons, Cervical Spine Research Society, International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery, Lumbar Spine Research Society, North American Spine Society, and Society of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (Committee Member); and the Minimally Invasive Spine Study Group and Society of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (Board Member). All other authors have nothing to disclose.
- This manuscript is generously published free of charge by ISASS, the International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery. Copyright © 2021 ISASS