Research ArticleEndoscopic Minimally Invasive Surgery
High-Value Procedures in Endoscopic Spine Surgery: An Analysis of Clinical Outcomes Based on Surgeon Experience, Skill, and Training
Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, Morgan P. Lorio, Benedikt W. Burkhardt and Alexander R. Vaccaro
International Journal of Spine Surgery June 2025, 8705; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14444/8705
Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski
1
Division Personalized Pain Research and Education, Center for Advanced Spine Care of Southern Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
2
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arizona, Banner Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
3
Department of Orthopedics, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
4
Department of Orthopedics, Hospital Universitário Gaffree Guinle Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
MDMorgan P. Lorio
5
Advanced Orthopedics, Altamonte Springs, FL, USA
6
Orlando College of Osteopa-thic Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
MD, FACSBenedikt W. Burkhardt
7
Wirbelsäulenzentrum/Spine Center—WSC, Hirslanden Klinik Zurich, Witellikerstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
MDAlexander R. Vaccaro
8
Chairman of the Department of Orthopedic Surgery Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
MD, PhD, MBA
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In this issue
International Journal of Spine Surgery
Vol. 19, Issue S2
1 Apr 2025
High-Value Procedures in Endoscopic Spine Surgery: An Analysis of Clinical Outcomes Based on Surgeon Experience, Skill, and Training
Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, Morgan P. Lorio, Benedikt W. Burkhardt, Alexander R. Vaccaro
International Journal of Spine Surgery Jun 2025, 8705; DOI: 10.14444/8705
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