Article Information
PubMed
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Online ISSN
History
- Published online June 18, 2025.
Copyright & Usage
This manuscript is generously published free of charge by ISASS, the International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery. Copyright © 2025 ISASS. To see more or order reprints or permissions, see http://ijssurgery.com.
Author Information
- Morgan P. Lorio, MD1,
- Richard A. Kube II, MD2,
- John Ratliff, MD3,
- Anthony DiGiorgio, DO4,
- David A. Essig, MD5,
- Kris Radcliff, MD6,
- Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, MD7 and
- Jon E. Block, PHD8⇑
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Orlando College of Osteopathic Medicine, Winter Garden, FL, USA
- 2 Prairie Spine and Pain Institute, Peoria, IL, USA
- 3 Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford Neuroscience Health Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- 4 Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- 5 Northwell Health Physician Partners, Great Neck, NY, USA
- 6 The Spinal DISC Center, Somers Point, NJ, USA
- 7 Center for Advanced Spine Care of Southern Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- 8 Independent Consultant, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Correspondence to Jon E. Block, Independent Consultant, 2210 Jackson St, Suite 401, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; jb{at}drjonblock.com