Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Sequential fluoroscopic imaging of the percutaneous lumbar interbody fusion. (A) A blunt electromyography guided probe traverses the fascia, Kambin’s triangle, and is introduced into the disc space. (B) After sequential dilation, a working cannula is docked inside the disc space to protect surround structures. (C) After appropriate discectomy, a balloon is placed inside the disc space and inflated with radio-opaque material to confirm satisfactory discectomy. (D) After satisfactory end plate preparation, an introducer is placed at the center of the disc space and loaded with an expandable cage. (E) The cage is expanded as it is shown. (F) Percutaneous screws are placed to complete the procedure.
- Figure 2
Bar graph illustrates the correction of the grade 1 spondylolisthesis preoperatively compared to 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively. The improvement in spondylolisthesis was significantly improved at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively (P < 0.05).
- Figure 3
Bar graph shows baseline disc height and its increase at 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months postoperatively. The anterior and posterior disc height was significantly increased at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively (P ≤ 0.05).
- Figure 4
Scatter plot demonstrating mean Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores of patients receiving percutaneous lumbar interbody fusion procedure over 1-year period. ODI scores were significantly improved at 1 year when compared to baseline (P ≤ 0.05).
- Figure 5
Radiographical evaluation of the patient. (A) Preoperative lumbar sagittal and axial magnetic resonance imaging without contrast showing degenerative disc disease, height loss, and disc bulge at L3-4 with left neuroforaminal stenosis. (B) Preoperative flexion-extension lumbar x-rays showing a grade 1 spondylolisthesis at L3-4. (C) Anterior-posterior and lateral lumbar x-rays immediately after L3-4 percutaneous lumbar interbody fusion (percLIF) showing satisfactory placement of the interbody expandable cage and rigid pedicle screw and rod fixation. (D) Anterior-posterior and lateral lumbar x-rays 6 months after L3-4 percLIF showing appropriate hardware placement.
Tables
Variable Value Count (%) or Mean (SD) N 16 (100%) Age (years) 56.9 (11.4) Female 13 (81.3%) BMI (kg/m2) 30.8 (5.3) Grade 1 spondylolisthesis 16 (100%) Hypertension 7 (43.8%) Dyslipidemia 2 (12.5%) Diabetes mellitus type 2 4 (25.0%) Coronary artery disease 2 (25.0%) Rheumatoid arthritis 0 (0.0%) Operative level L1-L2 0 (0%) L2-L3 1 (6.3%) L3-L4 3 (18.8%) L4-L5 9 (56.3%) L5-S1 3 (18.8%) Variable Value Count (%) or Mean (SD) Operative time (minutes) 149 (33.8) Estimated blood loss (milliliters) 29.6 (12.4) Length of stay (nights) 1.50 (.650)a aTwo patients were considered outliers and omitted as they were outside the mean plus 2 standard deviations.
Variable Baseline, Mean (SD) (n = 16) 6 Weeks, Mean (SD) (n = 16) 6 Months, Mean (SD) (n = 10) 12 Months, Mean (SD) (n = 6) P Value Spondylolisthesis (mm) 8.6 (5.4) 5.0 (2.0) 4.3 (2.7) 3.7 (2.11) 6 weeks: P = 0.005
6 months: P = 0.036
12 months: P = 0.044Anterior disc height (mm) 6.9 (3.6) 11.9 (3.5) 11.9 (4.0) 10.5 (3.0) 6 weeks: P < 0.0002
6 months: P = 0.003
12 months: P = 0.040Posterior disc height (mm) 5.9 (2.7) 8.9 (2.8) 8.0 (1.3) 9.0 (4.1) 6 weeks: P = 0.0005
6 months: P = 0.018
12 months: P = 0.048
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